Ethnographic Essay - 2088 Words

The problem of gaining access can provide important insights into the nature and organization of the social setting under study. In what ways can issues influence the outcome of ethnographic research? What strategies can researchers adopt to overcome obstacles to access? ‘Ethnography is branch of anthropology which has aided social researchers in the quest for a deeper understanding of different societies, social groups or cultures’ (Hammersely, 1995p365). The purpose this essay is to gain an insight into the problems that researchers encounter when the try to gain access to certain fields they wish to investigate. There are many obstacles associated with this research approach and invariably can impact on the outcome of the†¦show more content†¦Once you have gained their trust and an effective rapport with the interviewee has been established, expressing your personal attitudes, revulsion or disgust at their opinions will only jeopardize the purpose of the interview. â€Å"The right man for the right job† is also a key factor. When dealing with sensitive issues for example like abortion and women’s views on it, a female researcher would make the interviewees more at ease and more likely to give an honest respo nse. Likewise when interviewing men and their bedroom antics, men would feel more at ease speaking to another male. A famous character constructed in traditional ethnographies is that of the â€Å"gate keeper†. This is usually a person who opens the field for the researcher, introduces them to the tribe or community They serve as mediator between group and the ethnographer, They will carefully step by step make the researcher familiar with the new environment. ‘To contact, meet, build rapport with, and interview a dealer, ethnographers need to be â€Å"properly introduced† by a â€Å"trusted associate† who functions as a go between A â€Å"trusted associate† is personally known by and has good relations with the potential subject,’ (Qualitive research 1999) The first step is to take the mystery out of the ethnographer s role. Gaining access to a social group through a sponsor or gatekeeper is a great strategy method in order to overcome obstacles in the ethnographic research field. As it is oftenShow MoreRelatedEssay about Postmodernism, Deconstructionism, and the Ethnographic Text5376 Words   |  22 Pages Postmodernism, Deconstructionism, and the Ethnographic Text Anthropology 575 Postmodernism nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the late 1960’s the social sciences (mainly anthropology and sociology) entered a crisis period in which traditional ways of conducting the study of the Other were re-examined in the context of their association with dominance-submission hierarchies and the objectification of the subjects of study. There was seen to be an association between WesternRead MoreEthnographic Research Essay1404 Words   |  6 Pages Ethnographic research is the scientific description of specific human cultures, foreign to the ethnographer. Each ethnographer has his or her own way of conducting research and all of these different ideas can be transmitted and understood in a number of different ways. Because there is no one set idea of how an ethnographer should go about his or her research, conflicts arise. In Reflections on Fieldwork in Morocco, Paul Rabinow uses a story like process to discuss his experiences during his researchRead More Ethnographic study at McDonalds Essay2112 Words   |  9 PagesThis essay focuses on the topic of globalization, taking along several other factors with it. Increasingly in the world, it becomes obvious that the globalization is affecting almost all the businesses of the world. Every market in some way or the other is following the principles of globalization. For example, McDonalds is a chain of restaurants working in collaboration to deliver their customers with the best product and to achieve this McDonalds follows the concepts of globalization. This essayRead MoreEthnographic Observation Essay761 Words   |  4 PagesName Date Ethnographic Observation I set out to find a place to begin my observations, not knowing what to fully expect, what I may find. So I decided to look around at what is close to my home that isn’t a place I frequent or have even visited at all. Then it came to me, the Starbucks that is only about a mile away is a perfect place for me to observe subjects that I would consider different from myself, seeing as how I consider such obscene prices for coffee ridiculous. Starbucks is a veryRead MoreEthnographic Experience with Chinese Essay1004 Words   |  5 PagesEthnographic Experience Introduction Chinese families are highly misunderstood and stereotyped in the United States. It is important to understand a different culture before one makes the assumptions produced by these stereotypes. 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Aaron Fox’s ethnographic language in his study of the sociomusical lives of Lockhart’s workingRead MoreEthnographic Essay: The Boston Common Park 1033 Words   |  5 Pagesvenue with people coming from diverse backgrounds being present at the venue. This event provided the perfect scene for identifying various ethnographic phenomena. Observation and Analysis The Boston Common Park is a place where people come to visit and hold events. The number of people visiting this region is high and thus provides a wide range of ethnographic phenomena, which is worth exploring. My visit to the Boston Common Park over the weekend was colorful. A considerable section of the park

Human Activity And Its Impact On Business Operations

â€Å"Accounting is said to be as old as any organized human activity. Dating back to Babylon and Humaraby’s book of law, over Greece and Rome and further on through history, there has always been a need to record events referring to purchase and sale, payment and collection. Such recording originally generated bookkeeping, which at the level of development of production forces was primarily in function of trade and banking. Its further development was according to changes in organization of business activity (Andrijasevic, n.d.).† According to Novicevic and Antic (1999), â€Å"until the 70s enterprises in West countries carried out their business in protected competitive conditions.† However, in today’s global economy, markets have become universal, with organizations viewing the world as a platform for carrying out their diverse trades’. To compete successfully in the global market, organizations/ businesses need to prioritize customer satisfactio n parameters during business operations. To achieve this, they must concentrate on key success factors such as; costs efficiency, quality, cycle time, and innovativeness. â€Å"Quality has become one of the key competitive variables generating the need for evaluation of spending resources needed for the given level of quality by which the company can expect and achieve competitive advantage on the market (Gajic, 2005).† The improvement of quality requires the engagement of each player in the business arena, from the senior management to theShow MoreRelatedOperations Management : Operation Management1355 Words   |  6 PagesOperations Management Introduction Operations management is the activity of managing the resources that create and deliver services and products. The operations function is the part of the organization that is responsible for this activity. 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Political, Economical, Social Effects of Globalization Free Essays

string(130) " is therefore clear that globalization only benefits developed countries more while leaving developing countries with less gains\." Globalization has been the main theme of most news articles, magazines and even to most policies that exist in many countries around the globe today. Globalization transforms various things and ideas in order to come up with a new set of products and services that will meet the present demand of the market. With the increasing knowledge of many scholars regarding the effects of globalization to political, social, and economic status of different nations across the globe, it would be extraordinary on observing how people from different walks of life react to the benefits and loses that globalization has been offering to the international community. We will write a custom essay sample on Political, Economical, Social Effects of Globalization or any similar topic only for you Order Now Though, many still believes that there are far more losers than gainers with the existence of globalization in the international community, the fact that the said global phenomenon continuous to become prevalent even to the developing countries nowadays serves as the evidence that globalization is indeed having enough influence to penetrate even the most conservative countries with respect to embracing global changes and pressures. Globalization has profound both negative and positive effects to the field of politics, society, and economics and since these three fields signifies the entire sectors of a nation/country it would be necessary and beneficial for a given government to determine the effects of globalization on their country. This global phenomenon has been the source of down turns and competitive advantages of different countries around the globe which can be seen to many developed and developing countries of different regions around the globe. With the inability to determine the kind of effect that globalization is providing into a given country, there is a great possibility that either this country would be able to fully utilize their potential gains to its optimal level or this country would just let globalization to destroy the stability of its various vital sectors. Therefore, it would be very important to pinpoint the effects of globalization to the said identified three fields above in order for a given country to determine how they will use globalization in order to attain impressive political, social, and economic stability in the present and coming years. At the end of this paper, expect a set of alternatives wherein countries can utilize globalization into their major source of competitive advantage and ways in order to protect their interest on the negative effects of globalization into the various sectors of a given country. Effects of Globalization to Political Stability Globalization has been being associated with democracy for many political analysts say that in order to attain the optimal benefits of globalization one must first embrace democracy (Hewa Stapleton 2005: 1-2). With the launching of Bush administration’s â€Å"Freedom Agenda†, which main objective is to democratically transform Arabic countries through encouraging most Arabic countries to open their market [globalization] and with the opening of their market to international trading comes democratization according to the speech made by Bush during the G8 Summit at Prague last 2007 (Burnett 2007: 1) (Yerkes 2006: 1), presently the Middle East is becoming a democratic region as many countries are starting to open their market into the international market and embrace the idealism behind globalization. In this regard, it is clear that globalization provides enough force for most of the Arabic countries like Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, and Pakistan to accept democracy and become one of the United States to promote democracy around the international community. Another effect of globalization’s rise would be the relaxation of some of the â€Å"serious† international policies of different countries to give way on the entry of globalization into their doors. Globalization has been greatly associated with international trading and most countries concentrates on regulating their trading volume with other countries for the past years. Globalization promotes free market principle wherein there would be as much as possible less government interference that will happen in the market and this can only be achieved through the relaxation of some of the current government policies that impedes the existence of free market system in the international market. At the end of the day, by the time those â€Å"serious† government policies pertaining to international trading is already relaxed, then that is the only time wherein gains from globalization can be realized. The only thing that makes this scenario negative to some countries is that only the developed countries receives the highest benefits from the relaxation of government policies of the trading countries while developing countries are being left with fewer gains relative to the developed countries. This is the main reason why many are opposing to globalization since they believe that this will only make rich countries richer while poor countries poorer considering that most of the benefits will still fall under the sides of rich/developed countries in the international market. Furthermore, globalization is said to be deteriorating the autonomy of many countries around the globe as pressures coming from the external market continues to leave no room for less influential countries to oppose the demands of developed countries when it comes to shaping the formers international trading policies (Sarget 2003: 3) (Held McGrew 2000: 13). Like for instance, the United States, for many years, has been keeping its hands to the policy making decisions of most developing countries like the Philippines which at first seems beneficial to both countries. But through close analysis one can see clearly that United States already stands into the sovereignty of the Philippines while at the same time receives most of the benefits from the said trading partnership. In this regard, globalization serves as a tool in order for developed countries to easily hold on and gets into the sovereignty of developing countries like for the case of the Philippines wherein they left with no choice but grant the demands of the United States in exchange for a small amount of gain even if it will cost their sovereignty or autonomy. Based from the identified effects of globalization above, it is therefore clear that globalization only benefits developed countries more while leaving developing countries with less gains. You read "Political, Economical, Social Effects of Globalization" in category "Papers" Both developed and developing countries gain from the advent of globalization although it also led for the developed countries to get into the way of developing countries and become more powerful in the international community compared. Effects of Globalization to Social Stability. It was identified above that only the developed countries benefits more from the advent of globalization in the international community as compared to the developing countries. In response to this inequality, various groups, organizations of the society have been organizing mass demonstrations in order to condemn the said inequality when it comes to the distribution of gains from the advent of globalization plus the interference of most developed countries to the sovereignty of many developing countries. Pro and anti-globalization groups have been on conflict which created various social conflicts between both parties. It has been identified that the rise of globalization led for many countries to suffer from the lose of nationhood as many of its sector starts experiencing instability like geographical political instability, rise of â€Å"trans-border† ethnic and religious identities to name a few. With this differences, political instability and conflict of various communities and civic groups within and outside the territorial boundaries of many countries around the globe caused by globalization was identified as one of the many reasons why cold war exists between many countries nowadays and from the past and one possible example to this would be the cold war between Yugoslavia and Soviet Union. The big question now would be if whether democracy, which is caused by globalization, could solve the internal stability that reigns on many countries nowadays (Raghavan 1997: 1). Another social effect of globalization would be the down turn of the labor union in many countries like the case of the United States. During the 1970s when the presence of globalization starts to exist in the market system of United States, there was a pressure for the economy of the United States to recover after World War II thereby leading for the rise of the private sector and rise of the free market system on the domestic market of United States. In this regard, most of the federal laws and regulations supported the interest of private sector leaving labor union with less bargaining power and support from the government in the form of government policies. Labor union membership in the United States during that time starts to deteriorate as the working class begins to lose their trust regarding the power of labor unions to protect the interest of its members. Actually, it was not only the membership of labor union that was affected, even the number of labor union on the domestic market of United States begins to decline resulting to rampant injustices coming from the members of the private sector (DeLong 1999: 1). Wages of the workers were cut at least twice a year plus different kinds of harassment were just some of the injustices that American workers experienced with the birth of globalization in United States. Countless mass demonstrations were held by the remaining labor unions during that time in order to show their opposition on the rise of private sectors power backed up by government policies due to globalization. It took years before this social conflict between the private sector and labor union community to settle down by the time the federal government starts shifting their support from the private sector going to the labor union during the early 1990’s (Rodrick 1997: 4-5). Therefore, globalization does not only disrupt the sovereignty of many nations, but also provides internal instabilities even on developed countries like the case of United States which causes social conflicts between different social class, civic groups to name a few. Effects of Globalization to Economic Stability Despite of the fact that globalization only led developing countries to lose their grip on their autonomy/sovereignty, globalization still provide enough room for the improvement of their economic growth (Hoang Liao 2002: 2). Globalization, as what have already discussed earlier, provides an avenue towards the attainment of greater gains from international trading. International trading has been the main source of wealth and influences of many countries in the international community since the higher a country’s role on the international market, the greater is the probability that it can influence the supply or prices of goods in the global market. Globalization provides enough avenue towards the influx of foreign investment from developed to developing countries which offers additional job opportunities to the workers of the latter while giving competitive advantages to the former. In this regard, both of the trading countries benefits from this kind of market set up. With the improvement of number of job opportunities for developing countries, households will now receive higher income, and with higher household income comes higher domestic activities awaits local investors (Goldberg Pavcnik 2006: 1). In the end, developing countries become self sustainable by using the foreign investments in order to improve the welfare condition of every households of a given country plus their trade balance which is one of the main economic indicator of how well a country is performing in the international market. Look at the case of China, with its cheap and abundant supply of laborers for many multinational companies from different countries have given the said country impressive economic growth for the past years during the time globalization forced many multinational companies to operate internationally and outsourced some of their products to other countries (Hoang Liao 2002: 18-19). With this, China presently becomes one of the top performing countries around the globe in terms of volume of exports plus large foreign reserves generated from their surpluses from their trade balance. Many countries are becoming dependent on the products and laborers of China such as the United States despite of the fact that the former is still being considered by many countries as a developing one. Furthermore, globalization provides enough pressure for different industries of various countries to become innovative in developing new products to supply the growing needs of man kind. The development of new product provides competitive advantage for a given country since the latter can monopolize the production of that particular product which in the end would grant the country on issue higher income and influence in the international market. For instance, the innovations of Microsoft on its software in the market provides enough room for the United States to have more influence in the international market since they have the competitive advantage in producing software for personal computers present in the market. Globalization dictated to many consumers in the international market that computers nowadays are already necessity and one must have a personal computer with software from Microsoft. With this booming demand for Microsoft’s software, United States starts experiencing improvement on their income, trade balance and bargaining power with other countries. In other words, through globalization, the booming of the IT industry in the United States would not be as high as it is today and the federal government will not be able to charge Microsoft with higher tax if the latter’s products did not successfully penetrated its target market. At the end of the day, it is therefore clear that globalization serves as a tool in order for both developing and developed countries to mutually gain from its existence in the global community through the improvement of country’s trade balance, job opportunities, per capita income and domestic consumption. Effects of Globalization on Technology Technology serves as the main driving forces of many globalization processes especially in the field of international trading. Many countries spent billions of dollars just to invest on technologically advanced machineries and equipment that will further increase their production level and efficiency (Rand. org 2008: 1). Technology, aside from capital and labor, is among the main factors of production in today’s market system as well as the source of competitive advantages of many countries in overcutting the performance of their competitors in the international market. The know-how of technology of a given country could contribute for the attainment of impressive growth like for the case of Japan who presently leads the production of various lines of appliances, automobiles, mobile phones to name a few. Japan has been known for its ability to surpass the technology of many top nations in the international market. Despite the fact that it is still being considered among the developing countries, still, Japan has been able to compete at par with top developed countries like United States, United Kingdom to name a few. In this regard, considering the case of Japan, it is therefore clear that globalization has been forcing the development of technology beyond its limits in order to suffice the growing needs and demand of the international community when it comes to machineries and gadgets that would make their everyday living easier and more comfortable. Effects of Globalization on Culture. With the increasing integration and linkages/connectivity between various region and countries of the international community, there has been a transfer of cultural influences between those countries that interact with one another (Tomlinson 2006: 2-3). Like for instance, with the improvement of the trading condition between the Philippines and United States, the former starts to imitate Western style of living after becoming familiar with the customers, preferences, tastes, and behavior of American through the transfer of products between the ports of the said two countries. Asians has been known for their ability to imitate Western style of living through consuming imported products from western countries. With globalization, the entry of western products will now be much greater as compared before leading for countries in Asia to become more familiar and exposed to western products. At the end of the day, the transfer of customs, style of living, and product preferences will serve as the main tool of globalization to culturally link different countries. By exposing each trading country’s product to one another would provide enough roads for one country to influence one another like for the case of United States and Asian countries like the Philippines and Japan. Conclusion Though globalization has negative effects being imposed to both developing and developed countries, at the end of the day when we add all of the benefits and loses caused by globalization, the result would provide a positive answer; meaning the global community did gain from the advent of globalization in the international market. As for the developing countries, they must tried to find other ways in order to attract more foreign investment without sacrificing their sovereignty like providing incentives instead of restructuring their current policies based from the demands of developed countries. On the other hand, developed countries must watch out for the internal conflicts that globalization might bring into their territory as different social class fight and struggle with one another for dominancy. How to cite Political, Economical, Social Effects of Globalization, Papers

Analysis of Barclays Bank

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Barclays Bank. Answer: Introduction The Barclays Bank (BB) is an international bank which began as a small entity in London. Barclays Bank has been in operation for more than 325 years ago serving the financial sector until to date. The Bank has always been propelled by strong values alongside the eventual goal of assisting its clients as well as customers to accomplish their respective ambitions in the correct manner (Bank, 2005). The BBs innovation story began in 1690 where John Freame together with Thomas Gould commenced trading as goldsmith bankers on Lombard Street, London. Johns son-in-law, James Barclay, in 1736 joined the business christening it Barclays Bank as currently known. Barclays Bank since then has been a leader in the innovation (Joslin, 2014). History of the bank and overall performance of Barclays Bank The BB was originated in 1896. It has advanced as a British banking and trust business listed underneath the designation Barclay Company. The BB acknowledged the name in 1917. The business associated with the Provincial and South Western Bank of London in 1918 thereby becoming one of the enormous United Kingdom banks. Barclays in 1981, became the primary ever global bank to file with Securities and Exchange Commission in Washington. Accordingly, the Bank augmented its long-lasting capital in the New York market. The BB became listed in Tokyo and New York Stock Exchanges in 1986. The BB gave its international strategy to enlarge additional drift through the 1986s establishment of the innovative investment banking operation called the Barclays de Zoete Wedd (BZW). Barclays in 1995, brought San Francisco-oriented fund manager Wells Fargo Nikko Investment Advisers (Barclays Bank, 2014).). The BB acquired Woolwich which was then a leading mortgage bank as well as ex-building society in 2000. This step increased BBs geographical coverage as well as possible customer base in the year 2000. The BB together with the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC) compound their respective retail, corporate as well as offshore banking operations to form the First Caribbean International Bank in 2001.BB also formed in the same year (2000) a strategic alliance with Legal General to engage in life pensions trade as well as venture commodities throughout the United Kingdom. The BB acquired a fifty percent stake in established Intelenet Global, business processing outsource supplier in 2004 from Housing Development Finance Corporation (HDFC) which was the housing finances innovator in India. The BB sold 43.70 percent of this acquired stake in First Caribbean International to CIBC in 2006. The BB further bought a website for financial purposes called Comparetheloan that offered modest loan quotations for the United Kingdoms homeowners and non-homeowners in 2006. BB acquired the business of Goldfish credit card in 2008 from Discover Financial Services. The Bank purchased Expobank from Russias Petropavlovsk Finance. The BB was delisted in 2008 from the Tokyo Stock Exchange. The BB also acquired a palisade from Compagnie Maritime Belge (CMB) in 2008 (Cassis, 2015).). The Bank together with Goff Capital, Inc., in November 2009, managed to shape Crescent Real Estate Holding LLC to purchase Crescent Real Estate Equities Limited Partnership (Crescent) from the Morgan Stanley Real Estate Funding II. The Bank announced in January 2010 that it accomplished the purchase of Standard Life Bank Plc. The BB has used the Balanced Scorecard throughout the organization and subsequently formed part of its framework through which its staff are assessed, with individual performance goals aligned to the 5Cs. In the 2016, there was a great improvement across many of its metrics, particularly our capital strengthening, as measured by the CET1 ratio, and with Colleague (Japan, 2015). The organization further requires additional work in particular areas together with ROE. The client and customer relationship metrics stayed steady as a firm performance in corporate banking, merged with enhancements in Barclays current accounts, was counterbalance by the influence of redesigning its wealth business as well as competitive challenges in Africa banking. The BBs Client Franchise Rank stayed in puzzling market conditions (Nathanson Cassano, 2012). Within Colleague, the BB has perceived development in the colleague commitment as well as the gender-assortment in their leadership, with plentiful ingenuities to encourage equally as well as support their workforce proving successful. In BBs Citizenship plan, ten out of eleven metrics on target shows that it is having a positive impact on the communities in which it operates, with lending to households the solely initiative to lose momentum primarily due to market as well as trading conditions (Williams, 2000). The BB has made great progress in the simplification of Barclays over the past few years as it re-shapes its balance sheet, strengthening its capital base, as well as costs reduction (Narteh, Owusu, 2011). The BB has undertaken this step to move even closer towards becoming a Group that can produce the returns deserved by the shareholders as well as it denotes significant progress. To complete BBs restructuring in a reasonable timeframe, as well as deliver for the BBs stakeholders that have been patient for a long time, BB should make certain definitive choices currently regarding the upcoming shape of the Company. BB should decrease its Barclays Africa Group Limiteds interest subject to regulatory as well as approvals by shareholders to a non-regulatory and non- consolidated location in the years to come. It has, however, been hard for BB to make this decision since Barclays has operated in Africa for more than a hundred years. This makes BB to have certain excellent franchises on the Africa continent that have an inordinate administration team as well as devoted colleagues. In summary the future of BB is considered to be bright. Both the Barclays UK as well as Barclays Corporate International have now produced dual digit Returns on Tangible Equity. The BB remains monetarily strong, and shall be as sisterly businesses, as well as stockholders alongside debt stockholders in Barclays shall gain from the differentiated revenue rivulets they generate. These tactical arrangements that shall carry forth the achievement of its rearrangement as well as the appearance of a more simple as well as very profitable Barclays than ever. The Barclays has completed decent progress in contradiction of the strategy apprise that was declared on 01-03-2016. This was the initial set of outcomes of BB as an intercontinental consumer, corporate as well as investment bank functioning under the BBs fresh alignment of Barclays United Kingdom as Barclays Corporate International, and these have shown that a Core business is performing well in this thought-provoking situation. The BBs Core ROTE is 9.9 percent under which Barclays United Kingdom dispatched very inspiring 20.5% yield on the palpable equity. The BB management can perceive a precise growth chances, especially in its Consumer, Cards as well as Payment business, whereby the Bank wants to endure to venture. The Corporate and Investment Banks performance remained comparatively hardy in a threatening quarter, however, there remains more that BB has to undertake to enhance revenues, and it remains attentive on the actions of management to accomplish this goal. The BB has continuously targeted the reduction of cost in the Group and hence has remained on track to accomplish its future direction for the Core business of 12.8b pound as well as its long-run objective of BBs income to cost ratio underneath sixty percent. The CET1 has ended the quarter at 11.3 percent, with a precise trail to accomplishment of BBs end state target, and hence, it is expected that capital ratio will rise via the course of the 2017 (Barclays Bank, 2014). The BBs groups return on average tangible shareholders equity (ROTE) of 3.8% (Q115:4.0%). The Core ROTE of 9.9% (Q115:7.1%). The BB attributable profit declined seven percent to 433 million dollars, leading in basic EPS of 2.7 p (Q115:2.9p). The Core attributable profit rose 53% to 950 million pounds, culminating in a basic EPS contribution of 5.8p (Q115:3.8p). The BB group profit before tax of 793 million pound (Q115:1057 million pound) reflected an eighteen percent rise in Core profit before tax to 1608 million pound, more than counterbalance by a rising Non-Core loss before tax of 815 million pound (Q115:310 million pound). Evaluate performance of the Bank on key performance indicators using last 3 years data Key performance indicators (KPIs) are the visual measures of an organizations performance. Anchored on a given considered field, the KPI is intended to assist operators assess at a glance the current value as well as status of a given metric against a definite target. The KIP also gauges the performance of the value based on the Base measure definition against a Target value, defined by the measure or by the absolute value. Profit before Tax Growth The profit before tax growth (PBT) remains a KPI of Barclays financial performance to the great percentage of the BBs shareholders. The BB has witnessed its proceeds in 2016 rise by 92.0% to 11.6 billion pound in 2016. The numeral was increased by the sale of the BGI fund supervision limb to the United States firm BlackRock in 2008. Profits were 5.6 billion pound if the above was stripped out compared to 1.6 billion pound in the year 2015, even though the figure entailed brawny write-downs (Fraser et al 2012). The sale of BGI culminated in a profit on disposal of 6.331 million pound as well as reserved 19.90% economic interest in the expanded BlackRock group. The BB profit before tax was 6,077 million pound, down fourteen percent on 2014. Profit entailed the Gains on acquisition of 2,406 million pound, alongside 2,262 million linked to Lehman Brothers North American businesses. The profit on disposal relating to shut life pledge book of 326 million pound. As reflected in the BBC Gains on Visa IPO as well as sales of shares in MasterCard of 291 million pounds Gross credit markets losses as well as impairment of 8,053 million pound. The Gains on individual credit of 1,663 million pounds. BB performed well during the 2014, despite the hard market conditions. Even though profit before tax fell one percent, profit before business disposal increase three percent (Matthews Tuke, 2013). Profitability Ration The profitability ratio is another key performance indicator that is explained in this financial analysis of Barclays. As reflected in Telegraph in 2016, Barclayss operating profit remained 22.91% which stayed highest in the past three years. Operating margin rose from 10.7% to 22.91%. Even though Barclays Interest income decreased by 24.18% to 21,236 million pound. Conversely, BB had decreased its Interest Expense to 9,318 million pound in 2016 compared to 16,541 million dollars in 2015. This was due to the customer having withdrawn substantial amounts from the bank accounts of BB. In 2016, Barclays paid 2, 712 million pounds to their respective customers as interests on deposits while in 2015, BB paid 6,697 million dollars (Irwin Scott, 2010). This implies that interest Expense gas declined higher above interest income. In 2015, operating margin stood at 10.7% that was lowermost in the past 3 years. The Operating Profit margin push downwards to 10.7% from 11.08% in 2014. This is due to operating expenses in Administration has hiked to 5,305 million pounds in 2015 but conversely income did not go up to this level. Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) is another KPI discussed in this paper for the last three years. In 2016 Barclays ROCE declined from 7.84% to 12.82%. This was because the non-cash expense of Impairment Charges as well as other Credit Provisions rose substantially in 2016 to 8, 071 million compared to 5,419 million pound in 2015. Such Impairment emerges because of Barclays exposure to credit risk emerging from investments in debt securities as well as additional exposures emerging BBs trading undertakings encompassing, non-equity exchange portfolio assets, derivatives and payment balances with the respective market counterparties as well as contrary repurchase loans. This was also due to the fact that in 2016, Barclays capital rose to 58,478 million pound compared to 47,411 million pound in 2014. While the profit before tax has decreased to 4,585 million pound to 6, 077 million pound in 2015. In the year 2015, ROCE stood at 12.82% better than 2016, however, this was very poor compared to 21.79% in 2014. This was as a result of profit before tax going down 14% in 2015 compared to 2014. The Impairment charges as well as additional credit provisions of 5,419 million pound rose 94% on the previous year. These charges entailed 1,763 million pound evolving from US sub-prime mortgages as well as additional credit market acquaintances. Additional wholesale impairment charges rose substantially as corporate credit circumstances twisted abruptly inferior in the depression of economy (Bank, 2014) Commentary on BBs Performance to Improve Weaknesses Some of the weaknesses have been noted throughout the discussion that impedes the ability of the bank to perform effectively. The first weaknesses noted is the diminishing performances in Africa (Kaplan Norton, 2013). It was noted that Barclays is planning to stop its Africas presence. For example, the services offered Zimbabwe to individuals linked with Zanu PF have produced controversy as well as queries regarding Barclays ethical position whereby investors are increasingly interested in ethics (Kaplan Norton, 2013). To solve this problem, BB should have its bank branches well centralized in the respective economy where it operates like those of RBS and NatWest. This will boost its attraction to customers and thus better performance. Another weakness noted regards the large bonuses given to the directors have attracted unnecessary attention from the commentators. Accordingly, it has been speculated that the reluctance of BB to take financing from the United Kingdom government is due to that it would end BBs economy with respect to bonuses (Kaplan Norton, 2013). Another weakness noted relates to the plans to expand in Asia which were restricted when BB were outbid for the ABN Amiro in the year 2006, and alternative enlargement plans have had to embraced (Samy, Odemilin Bampton, 2010). Another weakness is that BB did not plan to make dividend payments on its shares till the second half of 2009 which made BB less attractive to investors and still struggling to regain the investors (Samy, Odemilin Bampton, 2010). Another weakness is that the BB is in the midst of time of substantial restructuring. Also, whereas the investment banking is under the reduction in comparative significance, it raises group revenue volatility as well as confidence sensitivity relative to several peers (Kaplan Norton, 2013). Another weakness relates to combination of potential litigation charges as well as other exceptional products casts a shadow over BBs already below par earnings anticipations (Matthews Tuke, 2013). Also, the negative outlook relating to the United Kingdom-oriented BB reflects standard and poor ratings services that BB can decrease its long-run contemporary credit rating. The BB can maximize on its strengths and opportunities to speak to the above identified weaknesses (Samy, Odemilin Bampton, 2010). For example, BB has a widespread worldwide presence, and this permits BB to spread risk as well as enjoy economies of scale. This will make the Barclays remain stable even amidst the challenges relating to the restructuring (Joslin, D2014). Also, BB can use its well-established brand via sponsorship of Premier League football to boost the presence and performance in Africa. BB is also specifically linked with innovation having brought out the first ever worlds credit card in 1966 (Joslin, 2014). Moreover the bank has continued to develop such cards most lately the OnePulse card combing Oyster, cashless functions as well as credit functions for the London-oriented customers (Matthews Tuke, 2013). The BB should also use its severally opened new flagship branches alongside a refurbishment of programme which will help refocus on customer needs for a firm presence on the high street (Japan, 2015). There is a need for BB group leadership team to be more customer-centered so as to reduce the increasing number of complains particularly witnessed in BBs United Kingdom retail banking which is poor customer service (Japan, 2015). The bank should also use its strong competitive advantage that is witnessed in Africa whereby it remains among the leading three banks in several African nations, including Nigeria, Zambia, Ghana and Mauritius saves to BBs merger with Absa Group Ltd in South Africa. Since BB has this sustained competitive advantage there is a need for the Bank to reconsider its decision to exit Africa and reinforce its presence in Africa (Irwin Scott, 2010). BB should also reduce the increased criticisms linked to poor earnings performance in 1st quarter accelerated by irrational executive pay packages relating to BBs capital, the investment banking unit whereby the pretax profit declined 33% in the first quarter (Fraser et al., 2012). The high rates of interest on loans as well as low rates of interest on deposits have also discouraged clients (Cassis, 2015). The bank should further reduce the interests on loans and boost interest on deposit accounts. This will attract more clients and hence improved sales of other banking products thereby creating a sustained competitive advantage for BB (Barclays Bank, 2014)). Moreover, BB can solve this problem by enhancing its global diverse services that offer the group a broad array of cross-selling opportunities (Bank, 2014). The bank should also emphasize on telephone BBs Wealth International offers secure, personal as well as private services, being the fast as well as friendly manner to speak to daily banking requests as opposed to other banks (Barclays Bank, 2014). This opportunity will give BB an added advantage thereby giving it a special attraction point. Conclusion The Barclays ROCE is falling constantly and this might culminate in investors becoming hesitant to provide upcoming capital. BB has unbalanced dividend payout ratio that illustrates that revenue production is greatly changing. In the year 2016, it has witnessed bursting profits that arose by 92 percent to 11.6 billion. BB should impose stringent rules in the credit provision services and evade undesirable promotional by creating administration suggested plus pay out scheme. BB should as well attempt and maximize the benefits of cheaper existing finance. References Bank, B. (2014). Bridging the skills gap. Barclays Bank plc, London. 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